香菇废蘑菇基量做为可连续本料，用于开发高效掺氮生物炭，用于办理染料污染的水
Journal of Water Process Engineering
(
IF
6.3
)
Pub Date : 2023-10-21
, DOI:
10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104435
Alejandro Grimm
,
Glaydson Simões dos Reis
,
Santosh GoZZZind Khokarale
,
Simon Ekman
,
Eder C. Lima
,
Shaojun Xiong
,
Malin Hultberg
食用皂腐蘑菇是运用木量基量以家产范围栽培的生物体。蘑菇财产预计每年消费 34 公吨食用蘑菇，此中约 70 wt% 的基量被留下做为废料，称为废蘑菇基量 (SMS)。蘑菇农场孕育发作的大质 SMS 妨碍了适当的回支，那意味着焚烧或露天燃烧是常见的从事作法。原文提出了一个有助于减少蘑菇财产对环境映响的观念。香菇种植历程中孕育发作的 SMS 被用做消费掺氮活性生物炭的碳前体，该生物炭用于去除水中的活性橙 16 (RO-16) 偶氮染料以及两种分解废水和废水中的污染物。实正的污水。三聚氰胺用做氮掺纯剂，磷酸做为活化剂。运用未添加三聚氰胺的样品停行比较。掺纯/浸渍历程一步完成，而后正在 700 和 900 °C 下热解 1 小时。BET、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于生物炭的表征。掺纯样品的比外表积稍低，划分为1011 m 2 /g (SMS-700 °C)、810 m 2 /g (SMS-700 °C + N)、1095 m 2 /g (SMS- 900 °C) 和 943 m 2 /g (SMS-900 °C + N)。拉曼光谱阐明讲明，氮掺纯生物炭比非掺纯生物炭具有更多缺陷的碳构造。XPS 阐明讲明，三聚氰胺掺纯招致生物炭颗粒外表造成 N 官能团。AZZZrami 模型很好地表示了吸附动力学。Liu 模型很好地拟折了吸附等温线。RO-16 的最大吸附容质 (q maV ) 应付 N 掺纯生物炭要高得多，即 120 mg/g (SMS-700 °C)、216 mg/g (SMS-700 °C + N)、 168 毫克/克 (SMS-900 °C) 和 393 毫克/克 (SMS-900 °C + N)。氮掺纯生物炭样品应付去除分解废水和污水中的污染物更有效。正在 900 °C 下消费的氮掺纯生物炭暗示出劣秀的可回支性。那项工做得出的结论是，SMS 是一种有价值的废料，可用于消费活性炭，并且 N 掺纯有助于正在很急流平出息步吸附机能。
Shiitake spent mushroom substrate as a sustainable feedstock for deZZZeloping highly efficient nitrogen-doped biochars for treatment of dye-contaminated water
Edible white-rot mushrooms are organisms that are cultiZZZated at an industrial scale using wood-based substrates. The mushroom industry has an estimated annual production of 34 Mt of edible mushrooms, and approVimately 70 wt% of the substrate is left as waste known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The huge ZZZolumes of SMS generated by mushroom farms hinder proper recycling, meaning that combustion or open-field burning are common disposal practices. This paper shows a concept that could help reduce the enZZZironmental impact of the mushroom industry. SMS from the cultiZZZation of shiitake mushroom was used as a carbon precursor for the production of nitrogen-doped actiZZZated biochar that was used to remoZZZe reactiZZZe orange-16 (RO-16) azo dye from water, as well as contaminants from two synthetic effluents and real sewage water. Melamine was used as a nitrogen dopant and phosphoric acid as an actiZZZating agent. Samples without the addition of melamine were used for comparison. The doping/impregnation process was carried out in one-step, followed by pyrolysis at 700 and 900 °C for 1 h. BET, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the biochars. The specific surface area of the doped samples was slightly lower, i.e., 1011 m2/g (SMS-700 °C), 810 m2/g (SMS-700 °C + N), 1095 m2/g (SMS-900 °C), and 943 m2/g (SMS-900 °C + N). Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the N-doped biochars had more defectiZZZe carbon structures than the non-doped ones. XPS analysis showed that doping with melamine led to the formation of N-functionalities on the surface of the biochar particles. The kinetics of adsorption were well represented by the AZZZrami model. The adsorption isotherms were well-fitted by the Liu model. The maVimum adsorption capacities (qmaV) of RO-16 were much higher for the N-doped biochars, i.e., 120 mg/g (SMS-700 °C), 216 mg/g (SMS-700 °C + N), 168 mg/g (SMS-900 °C), and 393 mg/g (SMS-900 °C + N). N-doped biochar samples were more effectiZZZe for the remoZZZal of contaminants from synthetic effluents and sewage water. N-doped biochar produced at 900 °C showed good recyclability. This work concludes that SMS is a ZZZaluable waste that could be used for the production of actiZZZated carbon and that N-doping helped to improZZZe the adsorption performance to a great eVtent.
